Annotated+Bibliography

The main purpose of this article is to inform people about the reasons behind homelessness. The author argues that there are two main causes: foreclosure and poverty. Between April 2008 and April 2009, there was a 32% increase in foreclosures, which forced people onto the streets. Also, the author informs his/her readers that, since the recession, many poor people cannot afford to pay for basics necessities, such as houses, food, and health care. While those facts will be reliable in my research product, the most essential subject discussed is the “public assistance.” The efforts to help the homeless are declining and, as a result, the poverty is increasing. But, in reality, poverty and foreclosures are no the only reasons for poverty. The author also attributes homelessness to mental illness' and domestic violence. The author is unknown, but the website displaying the article is highly publicized. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ “Homeless Resource Center” has linked the web page, which indicates that the National Coalition is reliable. Also, at the end of the article, the author references many U.S. Departments and cites the information he/she received from them. Overall, the article was very useful. The author's statistics were insightful; therefore, I will be referring back to them when it comes time to brainstorm, write, revise my thesis.
 * "Why Are People Homeless." //National Coalition for the Homeless//. N.p., July 2009.**
 * Web. 27 Sept. 2010. .**

**Lee, Barrett A., Susan W. Hinze, and David W. Lewis. "Public Beliefs about the** __Information__ author, Barrett A. Lee, is a professor of sociology and demography at Penn State University. He received his B.S. in sociology from the University of California in 1973 and his M.A. and Ph.D in sociology from the University of Washington in 1976 and 1980. Currently, Dr. Lee is researching racial, ethnic, and other forms of inequalities present in society. The second author, Susan W. Hinze, is an associate professor of sociology at the Case Western Reserve University. In 1995, Dr. Hinze received her Ph.D in sociology at Vanderbilt University. SImilar to Dr. Lee’s interests, Dr. Hinze likes to study social inequalities and sociology that lies behind it. The last author is David W. Lewis. Mr. Lewis is the dean of the IUPUI (Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis) library. In 1973 he received his BA in history from Carlton College and in 1975 he received his M.S. from Columbia University.
 * Causes of Homelessness." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2010.**
 * .**
 * Author’s credentials**: There are three authors’ to this article. The first

**Scope and Purpose of the work:** This source is an informational article on the causes and beliefs of homelessness. It is intended to educate those who do not know much about and those who make assumptions about homelessness

__Summary__ **Identify the author’s thesis and what are the main arguments?:** The authors’ thesis pertains to human’s perception of homelessness. The authors’ report on the different images the public associates with poverty, including “welfare mothers” and “immigrant laborers.” Their main goal is to reveal “1) the complex intrapersonal organization of these [public] beliefs, 2) the degree to which they [beliefs] are influenced by one's social statuses, religious and political values, and exposure to homelessness, and 3) their [the beliefs] implications for policy attitudes.”

**Evidence:** In order to convey the different images of human beliefs, Lee, Hinze, and Lewis conduct a local survey in Nashville, Tennessee and discuss the public response. The three authors’ ask 40 questions to 292 people in a cross-sectional examination. The authors’ record the response in a table:


 *  **Belief** ||  **% Holding Belief**  ||
 *  Personal Choice ||  36.6  ||
 *  Work Aversion ||  45.2  ||
 *  Alcoholism ||  44.5  ||
 *  Mental Illness || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> 53.1  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> Bad Luck || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> 51.0  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> Structural Forces || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> 58.6  ||

After researching them, I know that they are beyond qualified to conduct this study. are organized in their breakdown of information and make it easy for the reader to follow. against those who hold onto certain beliefs about homelessness.
 * Evaluation**
 * Evaluation of research:** The authors’ work is very well throughout-out.
 * Evaluation of scope**: The articles’ topic is clear and to the point. They
 * Evaluation of author bias:** The authors’ may be a little biased

me. Not only did it explain some of the public assumptions and beliefs of homelessness, but it also provides me with factual evidence. I will now be able to return to this article for support when presenting my essential <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 11px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px;">question. ** <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">**"Who is Homeless?" National Coalition for the Homeless. N.p., July 2009. Web. 29** Information Author’s credentials: The author of this article is unknown, but the organization linking it is very popular. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ “Homeless Resource Center” has supported the National Coalition by linking their website Scope and Purpose of Work: The main purpose of this article is to inform people about who is homeless in the world. In order to show who is homeless, the author lists the demographics, age, gender, ethnicity, etc. Similar to my article from JSTOR, I think that this article is intended to inform those who do not know much about homeless and those who make careless assumptions.
 * Reflection**
 * Is this source helpful to your research?**: This article was very useful for
 * Sept. 2010. <http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/Whois.pdf>.**

Summary: Identify the author’s thesis, main arguments, and evidence: Like my previous articles, the author argues that an increase in poverty has caused a rise in homelessness. To further his thesis, he says that there are certain people who, if they experience poverty, have an increased potential for homelessness. For example, he/she says that males are more likely to experience homelessness than females if thrown into poverty. Also, the author attributes an increase in homelessness to families with children. In the article, the author says, “families with children comprise 23% of the homeless population.” Two more characteristics include people of African-American decent (42%), American (38%), and people with severe mental illness’ (28%).

Evaluation Evaluation of research, scope, and author bias: From all of the facts and percentages, I could tell that the research was extensive. The author cites the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Economic and Community Development at the end of the article, so I assume that their information is legitimate. The scope is broad and arranged in a manner that is organized. Also, I do not think that the author has any bias. He is simply stating the facts of homelessness, and nothing more.

Reflection Helpful? I enjoyed reading this article because of the facts. Some articles just merely state who is homeless. This one gave the demographics of those who are homeless. I can apply this to the background information portion of my project.

<span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap;">**Lin, Jennifer, and Joseoph Slobodzian. The Philadelphia Inquirer 21 Feb. 2008:** <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap;">**Information:** There are two authors to this article: Jen Lin-Liu and Joesph A. Slobodzian. In 2001, Lin-Liu graduated from Columbia University. Aside from being a staff writer for the Philadelphia Inquirer, Lin-Liu has written for the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and Newsweek. Slodobizan is also a staff writer for the Philadelphia Inquirer. I was unable to find out information on his credentials, but after searching his name, I found out that he has written for the Boston Herald and other important newspapers.
 * n. pag. Web. 13 Oct. 2010. <http://www.philly.com/inquirer/hot_topics/**
 * 15848292.html>.**

The article is an informational report intended to provide facts on the increase in homelessness in Philadelphia. Readers do not need to be experts onthe field to understand information from the article.

In this article, Lin-Liu and Slobodzian follow the lives of homeless people in downtown Philadelphia (specifically Moravion Street near Le Bec-Fin and surrounding areas) and the issues both the city and them are facing. For the past ten years, Philadelphia's homeless system had been the model for the nation, but Lin-Lui and Slobodzian say that Philly, "cannot keep up with the magnitude of today's problems." The street population has increased to its second highest at 85% and homeless shelters have become overwhelmed. Those living and working in the city, including Mayor Nutter, are concerned with their business' and streets becoming "regular living spaces."
 * Summary:**

In order to portray the impact of homelessness in Philadelphia, Lin- Liu and Slobodzian document several homeless people, and the life of business owner, W. Andrews Newman III, who face homelessness everyday. Charlene, Monty, Isabel, Alfred, Jeremey, and John all sleep in a two block radius of Walnut and Chestnut Streets. Some have been living on the streets for up to seven years. Philadelphians, like Newman, believe that “the ideal solution is to do something so they can’t visibly see the homeless.” With suggestions like that, outreach programs are working towards solutions that appease the general public but ones that do not strip the homeless of their basic human rights. They are afraid though, because the last time Philadelphia invested 6 million dollars in an intervention plan for the homeless in 1999, the numbers rose again in 2005, ultimately deeming the plan a failure
 * Evidence:**

This article exceeds all my other articles in terms of research. The two authors physically went down to Philadelphia and interviewed the homeless. Also, the authors quote officials in Philadelphia that are personally handling the homeless problem, like Mayer Nutter.
 * Evaluation:**

The authors are not bias because they equally advocate both the homeless’ please and the cities’, which also contributes to the articles broad range.

I was heavily impacted by this article. To see and hear how such people look down upon the homeless was hard. But it certainly made me more concerned/passionate about helping them. In terms of the factual information, the article reinforced the high need for change. <span style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">**"Philadelphia's Re-calibrated Ten Year Plan to End Homelessness: Creating homes,** This article is an informational report from the Nutter administration on the ten year plan to end homelessness in Philadelphia. Intended for those interested in how Philadelphia has handled the homeless problem, the article lists the seven goals and re-calibrations from the 2005 release of the plan. There is no specific author, but the facts and goals mentioned in it are administered from Mayor Michael Nutter’s team. Therefore, I believe that the information is certified.
 * Reflection:**
 * strengthening communities, and improving systems."** **One Neighborhood****. N.p.,**
 * n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2010. <http://www.oneneighborhood.com>.**
 * Information:**

The plan, which was administered on May 28th, 2008, contains several goals, target areas, and re-calibrations. The author bruges that Nutter has backed the plan 100% and that improvements have already been made on the street. In order to enhance Nutter’s efforts and provide information of the extensive plan, the report lists the seven plans. Instead of going through all of the goals with detail, I will briefly describe the three goals that I believe will be the most effective. The first goal (goal 4) is to “fully integrate al health and social services to aid in preventing and addressing homelessness.” This goal will be effective because a lot of the causes of homelessness involve health related issues. Increasing health and social services with surely reduce the amount of health related cases. The next goal (goal 6) is to “build human capital through excellent employment preparation and training programs and jobs at a livable wage,” Another main cause to homelessness are the lack of jobs available. Increasing non-prejudice job opportunities will hopefully motivate the homeless to get jobs. The last goal that I believe will be the most effective is goal 7: “support families and individuals to promote long-term independence and prevent their return to homelessness.” Relapses in homelessness do occur. If the mayor can provide a warm community support group to help those who were previously homeless, then the number of relapses should decrease.
 * Summary:**

This is probably the best organized article I have come across during this project. First off, it is direct and to the point, stating their purpose in the first sentence. Next, information is laid out in a list format, which is always easy to read. The author’s stance is a bit objective; he seems to emphasize Nutter’s efforts in the the plan. Other than that, the author just states the goals.
 * Evidence:**

For a while, I was a bit ignorant when it came to the homeless and their place in society. I’ve always wanted to help them, but I never understood how or why they were there. After reading this article, I can attribute some of the credit to the government/public. Although there weren’t any numbers or percentages, the article painted an image of why the homeless suffer because of public support. <span style="font: 11px/18px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">**Katel, Peter. "Housing the Homeless." //CQ Researcher// (Dec. 2009): n. pag. //CQ//** <span style="color: #000099; font: 11px/18px Arial; margin: 0px;"> __[|**cqresearcher/cqresrre2009121805.**]__ **>.** <span style="font: 11px/18px Arial; margin: 0px;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Katel, Peter. "Housing the Homeless." CQ Researcher (Dec. 2009): n. pag. CQ **
 * Reflection:**
 * //Researcher Online//. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <**[|__**http://library.cqpress.com/**__]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Researcher Online. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://library.cqpress.com/ **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">cqresearcher/cqresrre2009121805.>. Information: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Peter Katel, the author of this article, is a CQ Researcher. He **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">has previously written for Time and Newsweek, and written for many New **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Mexican newspapers. Katel focuses on globally pressing issues such as **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">prisons and hate groups. Recommended to me by Dr. Valenza, this article was **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">written to inform a lay person. In addition to Dr. Valenza’s scholarly **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">knowledge, CQ Researcher has been proven to obtain “great research on **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">today’s issues.” **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Summary: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">In order to convey the struggle man faces while helping the **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">homeless, Katel highlights a certain church’s effort. Katel explains that **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">the church, located in Washington, D.C., has been criticized and forced to **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">pay thousands of dollars to defend their efforts. Katel and the church **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">pastor, John Steinbruck, argue that “possible cuts in federal welfare **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">spending could plunge the tunnel into gloom once again.” Not surprisingly, **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Katel mentions that other foundations catering to the homeless have also **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">been subjected demands from the government. The article, which mainly **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">focuses on the situation between the government and man, mentions the **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">background and a brief history of homelessness in the world. To conclude, **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Katel describes how homelessness can be prevented, ultimately insinuating **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">that “there are very few things” to prevent it. **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Evidence: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">The article is a bit hard to follow because of the amount of **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">details Katel offers. But, when Katel suggests that homelessness could **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">“plunge” he does offer a chart to support his claim **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">. ** [[image:webkit-fake-url://E4936101-C366-4949-A1B1-F7D28B86D1A0/file.php.gif width="350" height="523" caption="file.php.gif"]]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">The chart, named the **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">changing homeless population, describes how the numbers of single men and **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">women, married men and women, parents, and children have changed. I found **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">it very useful in the midst of Katel’s mirage of detail. Also, Katel is a **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">bit bias in his writing. The reader know immediately that Katel is angered **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">by the government and their efforts. **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">**"Ending Homelessness: Are we doing the right things to combat homelessness?"** William Triplett, the author of this article, is a former CQ Researcher. He has previosuly written articles for the Smithsonian, Air & Space, Washingtonian, Nature, and The Washington Post. He graduated from Georgetown University with a M.A. in English Literature. Similar to my other CQ Researcher article, this one was also recommended to by Dr. Valenza. Indeed I trust he scholarly knowledge, which makes me comfortable with the creditability of this source. Triplett’s, who writes about ending homeless, targeted audience is a person with the general understanding of homeless. While the article covers a broad array of topics, I just focused on the section entitled, Are we doing the right things to combat homelessness?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Reflection: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">I feel as though this article provided facts to my **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">personal arguments. I’ve had an overwhelming feeling that not enough is **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">being done to help the homeless by the government. Katel provides examples **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">as to how the efforts are being stifled by the government, which further **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">develops my passion for the topic. In addition to that, in the bibliography **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">of this article, I found a lot of great information about homelessness, **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;">including one of my valued annotated bibs. **
 * CQ Researcher****: n. pag.** **CQ Researcher Online****. Web. 22 Oct. 2010.**
 * <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/**
 * document.php?id=cqresrre2004061800&type=hitlist&num=3>.**
 * Information:**

To answer that loaded question, Triplett introduces the reader to the story of Amy Sherman. Amy Sherman, a resident of Charlottesville, VA, once stopped her car to help a woman holding a homeless sign. After taking the woman shopping and providing “leads” for jobs, the homeless woman disappeared one day. This situation then enables Triplett to inform the reader of whether Sherman’s actions were indeed justifiable. Triplett analyzes the approaches used today, calling handouts basically useless. He also questions the requirements of general shelters.
 * Summary:**

Triplett provides sufficient evidence on his views of the world’s efforts. Similar to Katel, Triplett also uses a chart to depict the general publics opinion of the matter. This evidence not only helps the readers scope and understanding of the topic, it also explains how huge it is. While Triplett believes that our efforts have been void, he also mentions an executive of the National Law Ceneter on Homelessness and Poverty (NLCHP). The executive believes that America’s programs have been successful. Just like my last article, this one provides information to help me with my passion. I like how Triplett discusses both sides of the issue. This will definitely be helpful when I need to present information, and factual evidence of those who believe that the world is doing enough to help the homeless. <span style="font: 11px/18px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">**Smith, Tiffany Thomas. "OBAMA ADMINISTRATION UNVEILS NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN TO** //**Development**//**. N.p., 22 June 2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.** <span style="color: #000099; font: 11px/18px Arial; margin: 0px;">**<** [|__**http://portal.hud.gov/portal/page/portal/HUD/press/**__] __[|**press_releases_media_advisories/2010/HUDNo.10-132**]__ **>.** <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;">Information: Tiffany Thomas Smith, the author of the article, is a member of the Obama Administration. She has been working for him for the past several years. I am unaware of her credentials, but her position in the Obama Administration, that is writing press releases, is honorable. This article is an informative piece, issued to America from the government. It feel as though it is used to assuage America of their fears about homelessness.
 * Evidence:**
 * Reflection:**
 * PREVENT AND END HOMELESSNESS ."** //**U.S. Department of Housing and Urban**//

Summary: While this article is informative in stating that governments responsibility, there are five human service programs that they wish to establish. The first which is “increasing leadership, collaborating, and civic engagement” seems a bit too promising. Although the government to strengthen the “capacity of public and private organizations”, I do not think they will be able to do so due to past capacities. The four other service programs that Smith lists are “increase access to stable and affordable house,” “increase economic security,” “improve health and stability” and lastly, “retool the homeless response.” These programs are big promises to release to the public. I applaud Obama and his administration for being enthusiastic, but sometimes we should focus on the reality of the situation.

Evidence: In order to convince readers that their plan of action will be successful, the Obama administration does two things. First they mention the USICH (United States Interagency Council on Homelessness). By mentioning the USICH, a 19 member agency, the Obama Administration offers some support to their plans. The second thing that Smith does is mention the Hearth Act. The HEARTH Act, enacted by Congress in May of 2009, honored the USICH as a “national strategic plan” to end homelessness. This statement is evidence/support of the Obama Administration’s plan for success. Reflection: This article was kind of disappointing for me because I do not agree with Obama’s approach. While his plans seem promising, they are too big for where we are right now. We need to approach the issue with subtle changes because big, drastic ones will not result in success. Even though I disagree with his approach, I will still be able to refer to it when I am discussing America’s approach. <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 48px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">"Homelessness in America Is a Growing Problem." //Poverty and Homelessness//. Ed. Noël Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Current Controversies. //Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. <__http://ic__. [|__galegroup.com__]: 80/ic/ovic/Viewpo intsDetailsPage/View points Details Window?displayGroupName=Viewpoints&prodId= OVIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010629208&userGroupName=e rde79591&jsid=eff6812251d9138aee420cb89114e6b2> <span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Information:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-indent: 48px;">The author of this article, Jim Romeo, has been a writer, working in the journalist industry for over the past 15 yea rs. In 1986, he graduated from Columbia University’s Business School, with an MBA in marketing. With his general knowledge of marketing, Rome o takes a closer look at how our world has catered to the homeles. Intended for someone who doesn’t have much information about homeless, Romeo outlines the strategies and obstacles that America faces today. <span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Summary and Evidence:** Romeo begins his article with a startling fact: about 3.5 million Americans are likely to experience homelessness in any given year. To bring meaning to this point, he discusses how the U.S. has acted in the past, and what they should be doing in the future. Romeo argues that a formerly homeless person in a stable environment is more likely to be employed then one living in a shelter. He continues with this belief by saying that the only way to fix the problem is to “streamline” existing services to prevent further homelessness. Romeo’s second argument provides sufficient support for his first. He calls services, “crucial,” proclaiming that housing without life skills and budget skills with only result in a relapse in homelessness. Romeo mentions Father Joe Villages, a recent project. “It is a 13.3 million, six story affordable housing development with 90 units that provides...medical and dental care, counseling, job training, and placement services. These are the places, Romeo says, where the homeless will prosper. Romeo's last argument is about the difficulties both national and state organizations face when trying to secure houses for the homeless. He argues that “Bureaucracy is the enemy of housing,” and names the struggles people are facing. Agencies have run into permit processing, which has essentially stopped some houses from being made.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Evaluation:** Romeo seems to be against and frustrated with the government and the rules they are imposing. The audience can tell that because of the language he uses and his selection of information. He uses examples that pertain to how the government has limited the homeless from prospering. In terms of organization, Romeo states his thesis in the 1st paragraph then clearly outlines the rest of the article with his main arguments.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 16px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">**Reflection:** Romeo’s article provided me with more information as to to how the government has failed to help the homeless. I appreciated the examples and even though they were not specifically for Philadelphia, I scan still use them for my research portion of the product. <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;"> ** **Slobodzian, Joseph A., Katie Stuhldreher, and Jennifer Lin. "Unwelcome Mat for City's Growing Homeless."** ////**The Philadelphia Inquirer**//// **22 July 2007: n. pag. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <http://www.philly.com/inquirer/multimedia/** Two of the three authors, Joseph Slobodzian and Jennifer Lin, were the authors of one of my previous articles. Slobodzian is a staff writer for the Philadelphia Inquirer and has written for the Boston Herald. Lin graduated from Columbia University in 2001, and he is now current writing for the New York TImes, The Wall Street Journal, and Newsweek. Katie Stuhldreher is also a Philadelphia Inquirer Staff Writer who graduated from the Elliot School of International affairs at George Washington University. In addition to her interest in homelessness, Stuhldreher also studies piracy in her free time. In this article to a lay person, the two authors join together to write an informational report on how the homeless have been treated in the city of Philadelphia.
 * 20070722_Unwelcome_mat.html?viewAll=y>.** **  <span style="font-family: Arial,Verdana,sans-serif;"> ** **Information:**

Slobodzian, Lin, and Stuhldreher begin their article with an account of a homeless persons life in center city Philadelphia. Woken up by the police offers daily, 8 people asleep on newspapers in Suburban Station. This image is followed by the authors’ thesis: the homeless in Philadelphia have run into so many problems such as the law and tourists. The authors’ continue with those two problems, outlining them within their article. In terms of the law, many homeless people live in area that are considered “sophisticated living” in center city. Because of their location, many run into “the rights of property owners and the public,” hence, the police waking up people at suburban station. Another obstacle that Slobodzian, Lin, and Stuhldreher address is the tremendous amount of tourists that Philadelphia has. Several years ago Philadelphia was prompted as “America’s next great city” but according to some the homeless are ruining it. Because of the law and the tourists the homeless have been looked at as nuisances and are continually subjected to injustice.
 * Summary and Evidence:**

It seems as though the three authors have achieved a neutral stance in their writing. They incorporate quotes from both the homeless and those who are disturbed by them. I haven’t come across an article yet that has supportive evidence from both sides. By using both sides, Slobodzian, Lin, and Stuhldreher paint a picture of the homeless in the city I try not to get swayed by the articles I read, but this one introduced a new pint to me: tourists. When the three authors described twi young tourists throwing pebbles at a homeless man sleeping on a bench, I was upset. I knew that not everyone respects the homeless, but to have tourists treat them violently is unacceptable. I will definitely be quoting this article when discussing the unfair treatment of homeless. **
 * Evidence and Evaluation:**
 * Reflection:**